PŪNGA HAITOKENE

1.Te whakaputa pūngao mai i te hauwai mā te pēhitanga mā te whakamahi i ngā pūwero

Ko te hauwai te wahie e nui rawa ana te pūngao mō ia taumaha. Heoi anō, ko te matotoru o te hauwai i roto i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi he 90 karamu noa iho i te mita pūtoru. Hei whakatutuki i ngā taumata matotoru o te pūngao e taea ai te whakamahi, he mea nui te pēhitanga pai o te hauwai.

2.Te pēhitanga whai hua o te hauwai mediaphragmngā pūwhakakoi

Ko tētahi ariā pēhi kua whakamātauhia ko te pēhi diaphragm. Ka pēhi pai ēnei pēhi hauwai i ngā rahinga iti ki te rahinga waenga o te hauwai ki te pēhanga teitei, ā, ki te hiahiatia, tae atu ki ngā pēhanga tino teitei neke atu i te 900 pae. Mā te mātāpono diaphragm ka whakarite kia kore he pēhi hinu, he pēhi turuturu hoki, me te parakore o te hua. Ka pai te mahi a ngā pēhi diaphragm i raro i te kawenga tonu. Ina whakahaerehia i raro i te tikanga mahi wā poto, ka taea te whakaiti i te roanga o te ora o te diaphragm, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake i te tiaki.

3.Ngā pūwero piston mō te pēhi i te nui o te hauwai

Mena e hiahiatia ana he nui o te hauwai kore-hinu me te pēhanga iti iho i te 250 pae, ko ngā mīhini pēhi piston maroke maha kua whakamātauhia, kua whakamatautauria hoki te otinga. Neke atu i te 3000kW o te mana taraiwa ka taea te whakamahi pai hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga pēhi hauwai katoa.

Mō ngā rerenga nui me ngā pēhanga teitei, ko te huinga o ngā wāhanga NEA Piston me ngā pane diaphragm i runga i te compressor "ranu" e tuku ana i tētahi otinga compressor hauwai pono.

1.He aha te hauwai?(Tono)

Te rokiroki me te kawe i te pūngao mā te whakamahi i te hauwai kua kōpeketia

I raro i te Whakaaetanga o Parī i te tau 2015, i te tau 2030 ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi mā te 40% i te whakataurite ki te tau 1990. Hei whakatutuki i te whakawhiti pūngao e tika ana, me te hono i ngā rāngai wera, ahumahi me te nekenekehanga ki te rāngai whakaputa hiko, ahakoa te āhua o te rangi, me kawe pūngao rerekē me ngā tikanga rokiroki. He nui te kaha o te hauwai (H2) hei huarahi rokiroki pūngao. Ka taea te huri i ngā pūngao whakahou pēnei i te hau, te rā, te wai rānei ki te hauwai, kātahi ka rongoa me te kawe mā te awhina o ngā mīhini whakapūmau hauwai. Mā tēnei, ka taea te whakakotahi i te whakamahinga pumau o ngā rauemi taiao me te whai rawa me te whanaketanga.

4.1Ngā pūwero hauwai i ngā teihana penehīni

I te taha o ngā Waka Hiko Pūhiko (BEV), ko ngā Waka Hiko Pūtau Wahie (FCEV) me te hauwai hei wahie te kaupapa nui mō te nekenekehanga o te ao o muri mai. Kua whakatūria kētia ngā paerewa, ā, e hiahiatia ana i nāianei kia eke te pēhanga tukunga ki te 1,000 pae.

4.2Te kawe waka rori e whakamahi ana i te hauwai

Ko te arotahi mō ngā waka rori e whakamahi ana i te hauwai kei runga i te kawe utanga me ngā taraka mama me ngā taraka taumaha me ngā taraka haurua. Kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te hiahia nui ki te pūngao mō te roa o te wā me te wā whakakī hinu poto me te hangarau pākahiko. He maha ngā kaiwhakarato taraka hiko pūtau wahie hauwai kei te mākete.

4.3Te hauwai i roto i te kawe waka tereina

Mō ngā waka rerewē i ngā wāhi kāore he hiko o runga, ka taea e ngā tereina e whakamahi ana i te hauwai te whakakapi i te whakamahinga o ngā mīhini e whakamahi ana i te tīhiera. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua o te ao, kua whakamahia kētia te nuinga o ngā tereina hiko hauwai me te whānuitanga mahi neke atu i te 800 km (500 maero) me te tere teitei o te 140kph (85 mph).

4.4Hauwai mō te kawe waka moana kore-tukunga āhuarangi

Ka kitea hoki te hauwai i roto i ngā waka kawe moana kore-tukunga āhuarangi. Kei te whakamātautauhia ngā waka tuatahi me ngā kaipuke utanga iti ake e rere ana i runga i te hauwai i tēnei wā. Waihoki, ko ngā wahie hangai i hangaia mai i te hauwai me te CO2 i hopukina he kōwhiringa mō ngā waka kawe moana kore-tukunga āhuarangi. Ka taea hoki e ēnei wahie i hangaia kia rite ki te hiahia o te tangata te noho hei wahie mō te rererangi o te heke mai.

4.5Hauwai mō te wera me te ahumahi

He rauemi turanga nui te hauwai, he matū tauhohe hoki i roto i ngā tukanga matū, hinu-matū me ētahi atu tukanga ahumahi.

Ka taea e ia te tautoko i te hononga whai hua o te rāngai i roto i te huarahi Power-to-X i roto i ēnei tono. Hei tauira, ko te whāinga o te Power-to-Steel he "whakakore i te hanganga o te maitai". Ka whakamahia te hiko mō ngā tukanga whakarewa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hauwai CO2 koretake hei whakakapi mō te coke i roto i te tukanga whakaiti. I roto i ngā whare whakapai hinu ka kitea e tātou ngā kaupapa tuatahi e whakamahi ana i te hauwai i hangaia e te electrolysis hei tauira mō te whakakorenga o ngā wahie.

Kei reira anō ngā tono ahumahi iti, mai i ngā marau hiko e whakamahia ana e ngā pūtau wahie ki ngā waeine hiko ohorere o ngā pūtau wahie hauwai. Ko tēnei mea whakamutunga e tuku ana i te hiko me te wera, pērā i ngā pūtau wahie moroiti mō ngā whare me ētahi atu whare, ā, ko te wai ma anake te putanga.